Unit 8 Teaching Plan
Time Allotment
|
Period 1 |
Period 2 |
Period 3 |
Period 4 |
|
Pre-reading Global reading |
Detailed reading |
Detailed reading Post-reading |
Section B |
Section A Legal and Moral
Implications of Cloning
Teaching objectives:
1. help the Ss to understand the main idea and
grasp the structure of the text;
2. help Ss to grasp the key language points
and grammatical structures in the text;
3. conduct a series of reading, listening,
speaking and writing activities centered upon the theme of the unit
Background information:
1. Cloning: The
process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.
2. Bill Clinton: the 42nd President of the
3. DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸) the chemical at the center
of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each
cell and carries genetic information during reproduction.
Pre-reading: Questions & Answers
1. From a medical
standpoint, what are the positive and negative effects of human cloning?
2. From a social
and moral standpoint, do you think cloning would be a good thing for humans?
3. What is your
opinion of genetic engineering, i.e. the deliberate altering of genes to create
human beings according to certain requirements?
Global reading
1. Text
Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for
Developing It
Main idea of the text: When a world with
human clones was suddenly within reach, people’s reactions to it were strong
and varied. They puzzled over a number of questions about the legal and moral
implications that had arisen from cloning.
Devices for
developing it:
Listing(列举法):
In the main part (the third part) of the passage, the
author lists as many as 6 puzzles on the issue of cloning.
Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? (Para. 4)
Will it be possible to clone the dead? (Para. 6)
Would a cloned human be identical to the original?
(Para. 8)
What if parents decided to clone a child in order to
harvest organs?(Para. 11) How would a human clone refer to the donor of its
DNA? (Para. 14)
What are the other implications of cloning for
society? (Para. 17)
Discussion(讨论法): The author deals with the 6 common
puzzles by offering different opinions from different experts through the
device of discussion.
Puzzle 1: Why
would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? (Para. 4)
Discussion: Most experts consider the human cloning
falls into two broad categories: 1) parents clone a child to provide
transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults might
want to clone themselves. (Para. 5)
Puzzle 2: Will it
be possible to clone the dead? (Para. 6)
Discussion:
Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used by
Wilmut’s lab requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell
containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. And that means that the nucleus
must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after
death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible. (Para. 7)
Puzzle 3: Would a
cloned human be identical to the original? (Para. 8)
Discussion: Most
of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that
detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory. The only possible
exception is bearing children. Wilmut and his coworkers are not sure that Dolly
will be able to have lambs.They will try to find out once she’s old enough to
breed. (Para. 10)
Puzzle
Discussion: Most
experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had
been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parents already
produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind, and many experts do
not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25
percent to nearly 100 percent. (Para. 12)
Puzzle 4b: What if
cloned animals could be used as organ donors? (Para. 13)
Discussion: …But
the human body attacks and destroys tissue from other species. To get around
that, one company is trying to alter the pig’s genetic code to prevent pig
organs from being attacked. If the company’s technicians succeed, it may be
more efficient to produce such pigs by cloning than by current methods. (Para.
13)
Puzzle 5: How
would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA? (Para. 14)
Discussion:
…Judith Martin, in her writings under the name of “Miss Manners”, suggests the
phrase, “Most honored sir or madam”. Why? “One should always respect one’s
ancestors,” she says, “regardless of what they did to bring one into the
world.”…The editorial director of one dictionary says that the noun “clonee”
may sound like a good term, but it’s not clear enough. Instead, he prefers
“original” and “copy”. (Paras. 15-16)
Puzzle 6: What are
the other implications of cloning for society? (Para. 17)
Discussion:
…Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and
disrespected) social class: “the clones”. One expert believes the situation
could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans
puzzled over how to classify the unfamiliar inhabitants of the
2. Structure Analysis
Part I (Para.
1): With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly
brought into the reality of human cloning.
Devices for
developing it: Induction (归纳法) (Para. 1)
Specific statements: S.1-5
of
Part II (Paras.
2-3): This part is about the world’s strong and immediate responses in the wake
of Wilmut’s announcement.
Devices for developing it:
Exemplification (举例法) Para. 2 Comparison (比较法) Para. 3
Part III
(Paras. 4-18): This part offers complete or partial answers, from the up-to-date
knowledge, to the six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.
Devices for developing it:
Classification (分类法), Comparison (比较法), Argumentation (议论法).
Part IV (Para.
19): This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that, although the
list of questions could go on,
people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after
cloning.
Devices for
developing it: Reiteration（重申法）
Detailed reading: expressions
& patterns
1.
word
that…/of…关于······的消息
Word of his sexual scandal has been spread fast on the streets.
2.
to
succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做了某事
If they succeed in establishing a cease-fire, the UN will send in
peace-keeping forces.
3.
to
work for适用于；为······工作
4.
within
(one’s) reach在伸手能及的范围以内，近的；方便到达
Rather than choose an ambitious goal beyond his reach, he would choose a
goal within his reach.
5.
to
come to life活跃起来，表现生动
The dull play really came to life through the performance of these young
people.
6.
in
the wake of 随着，紧跟着
Human societies have to suffer one disaster after another that follows in
the wake of the ecological damage.
7.
to
draft guidelines for为······起草指导方针
She was busy drafting her speech for next month’s speech contest.
8.
in
the first place首先；起初；其一
It is unwise to love at first sight. In the first place you know little
about each other and in the second it is hard for such love to last long.
9.
to
fall into可分成；属于
Things of a kind come together; people of a mind fall into a group.
10.
to
break apart分裂瓦解
The fortress is most liable to break apart from within.
11.
in
theory在理论上
Your plan for seeking happiness sounds fine in theory, but I don’t know
if it’ll work in practice.
12.
to
be identical to/with . 与······一模一样；就等于
His indulgence in online love affairs is identical to neglecting his
studies.
13. in terms of从······方面（来说）； 根据；按照
He thinks of everything in terms of money.
14.
What
if…? 要是······怎么办 / 怎么样？
Don’t get involved in love games too early. What if you suffer from failure in love?
15.
to
bring sth./sb. into the world生产；生（孩子）
Since the electric bulb was brought into the world, mankind has been freed
from his dependence on oil lamp or candle for light at night.
16.
with
sth. in mind出于······目的; 考虑到某事
Failure is the mother of success. With this in mind, he began to take a
new look at the failure in this experiment.
17.
to
get around/round 克服; 回避 She is trying to get round this tricky problem by
changing the subject.
18.
to
give birth to sb./sth. 生(孩子)；产(仔) Our joint efforts finally gave birth to an
effective solution to the problem.
19.
regardless
of不顾，不管
Those who, regardless of objective conditions, act as they think fit are
less likely to succeed.
20.
to
leave confusion over留下难题，迷惑
The teacher’s explicit explanation left the students no confusion over
that abstract theory.
21.
to
be concerned about/over担心，担忧
He has never been concerned about what others think of him.
22.
to
be comparable to/with可与······相比；类似于
In the eyes of some people, love is comparable to a maze, full of lures
and traps.
23.
to
puzzle over努力思考
He puzzled over the problem for hours, without making head or tail of it.
24.
to
wonder about对······好奇；想知道；对······疑惑
I keep wondering about why some people can reap without sowing.
1. Typical
patterns for advancing one’s arguments
1)原句: If cloned
animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldn’t have to worry about
cloning twins for transplants. (L. 48)
Pattern: If sb.
/ sth. could be / do sth., we wouldn’t have to worry about (doing) sth. else. ·
If everyone could realize natural resources are not inexhaustible, we
wouldn’t have to worry about any blind exploitation of them.
If we can develop a strong sense of responsibility for society in the
course of our college studies, our elder generations won’t have to worry about
the future of
2)原句: “One should
always respect one’s ancestors,” she says, “regardless of what they
did to bring one into the world”.
(L. 59)
Pattern: Sb.
should always do sth. regardless of what / how sb. / sb. else does / did… ·
Regardless of whatever you
do, you should always adhere to the
truth—no gains without pains.
Regardless of how highly people think of you, you should always keep in
mind that modesty helps one make progress while conceit makes one lag behind.
2. Typical
patterns for comparison and contrast
1) 原句:Like the Theory of
Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dolly’s
appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists,
politicians, and philosophers. (L. 11)
Pattern: Like
sth. else, the appearance / arrival / birth / invention of sth. new generates /
produces / makes…
Like any other wars in history, the
Like other landmark inventions in the history of science, the birth of computer
has made enormous differences to the way people study, live and even see the
world.
2)原句: One expert believes the situation could be
comparable to what occurred in the 16th century. (L. 68)
Sb. believes /
thinks / agrees / argues sth. / sb. could (couldn’t) be comparable / similar to
sth. / sb. else.
Many young people
argue that love could be comparable to a vast expanse of water, which either
nurtures your heart or floods your reasons.
The philosophers
believe that the sorrow of separation could be comparable to a turmoil, which
can neither be severed by scissors nor sorted out within reason.
3. Typical
patterns for showing sb.’s reactions to sth.
原句:In the wake of Wilmut’s announcement, governments hurried to
draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible
possibilities. (L. 6)
Pattern: In the wake of sth., sb. hurries / begins
to…
In the wake of
that failure, he hurried to look for chances of reproving himself.
In the wake of
that successful exchange with foreigners, she began to become more conscious of
the importance of English in cultural exchanges with foreign countries.
Post-reading:
1.
Essay summary (P. 225)
2.
Writing:
Views on Cloning
有人认为克隆技术的应用利大于弊，理由是······
也有人认为弊大于利，······
我的看法。
3. Finish the exercises
Unit 8 Section
B
Who will take advantage of
cloning
Teaching objectives:
1.
to learn the reading skill;
2.
to learn various attitudes toward and the use of
cloning technology
3.
to learn some words and phrases
Reading Skills: Identifying the Writer’s Purpose (II)
Do exercise XV on P. 235
When you read Passage B,
scan it for clues that help you identify the writer’s aim. Use the questions
below to guide your scanning, then decide: Is the text informational,
persuasive or meant mainly to entertain?
1. The title is actually a
question. By using a question as a title, the author tries his best to attract
the readers’ attention. Obviously, it’s about the possibility or even legality
of human cloning. The author gives us a thorough analysis as to who will take
advantage of human cloning.
2. The language is formal
and serious. Besides, it is emotional. The evidence for this is the repeated
employment of rhetorical questions.
3. Altogether, there are
seven questions, including the one in the title. Of the seven, four are
rhetorical questions. They appear respectively at the end of Paragraph 2, Paragraph
3, Paragraph 4, and at the beginning of Paragraph 6.
4. Rhetorical questions are
mainly intended to stir up the listeners’ or readers’ emotions, to put them off
guard, making them ready to accept the speaker’s or writer’s opinion.
Rhetorically, this is called emotional appeal. By using rhetorical questions
four times, the author of this text is appealing to the readers to accept her
idea “Don’t just say no to human cloning”. With all the above in view, we can
see that the text is persuasive.
Language Points:
1. panic: n. (a) sudden
very strong feeling of anxiety and fear 恐慌, 惊慌 v. (cause a
person or an animal to) be affected with panic (使)惊慌
He got in a panic that he would forget his lines on stage.
The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.
2. send…into: make…enter a
certain state 使处于（某种状态），使变得
Jane’s school report sent Father into a terrible temper.
3.
at
the prospect of/that …: when aware of the possibility of/that
He felt nervous at the prospect of seeing his new boss.
4. grow
out of: have sth. as a
source 由……而生，起因于; get
too big for
Most international
firms have grown out of small family businesses.
grow from 由...长大; 由...发展起来
grow in 增加; 在...方面成长
grow into 成长为; 变得成熟有经验
grow up 长大; 成人[熟]; 兴起; 发展
grow up into 长大成为……
5. constitute: v. 1. be or be considered as 是, 构成
2. form or make up (sth.) 组成，构成
Nuclear weapons
constitute a very real threat to world peace.
6. gross:
The court has made
a gross mistake in sending an innocent man to prison.
7. make sense: be a wise course of action 有道理，合乎情理；明智
It makes sense to
take care of your health.
bring sb. to his
senses 使某人恢复理性
come to one’s
senses (昏迷后)苏醒过来
in one’s right
senses 有理性；神志清醒
out of one’s
senses 失去理智，精神错乱
in a sense 从某种意义上说
make sense of 理解，弄懂······的意思
8. vivid: a. producing very clear, powerful and detailed images in the mind 鲜艳的， 鲜明的，生动的，逼真的
Parts of my
childhood are so vivid to me that they could be memories of yesterday.
vivify v. 赋予生命；使活泼；使生动
vivisection n. (动物)活体解剖
revive v. 复活；苏醒；重演
revival n. 回复；苏醒；(R-)文艺复兴
survive v. 继续存在；较某人活得长久
survival n. 残存；残存的人(物)
9. turn out: prove to be; come to be known that 证实是，原来是
Things turned out
to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.
turn against (使)变成和······敌对
turn down 减弱；拒绝，不接受
turn in 睡觉；上交
turn to 向······求助；求得安慰
turn up 出现
turn upside down 把······倒过来：把······完全颠倒
10. on/upon reflection: after considering sth. again 再考虑后
Upon reflection, I
feel I made the wrong decision.
11. for the sake of sth./doing sth.: in order to get or keep sth. 为了得到或拥有
He finally gave up
smoking for the sake of health.
12. carry out: perform or conduct 进行，实施
If my instructions
had been carried out, the accident would not have happened.
13. in the name of: using the name of; for the sake of 借······之名；为······目的
In the course of
history, many cruel deeds have been committed in the name of religion.
14. stand a chance of: have a chance of (achieving sth.) 有可能（取得）
You stand a very
good chance of passing the exam if you work hard.
15. resign oneself to: decide that one has to accept a difficult or
unpleasant situation
The children have
had to resign themselves to the fact that their father has gone.
pass on: hand or give sth. (to sb. else), esp. after receiving or using it
oneself 传递，传给
He tried to pass
the job on to me, but I soon got rid of it.
16. take a chance on: take a risk on 冒险
I don’t know
whether we have enough money to sustain the whole holiday as we have planned,
but I’m prepared to take a chance on it.
Post-reading
Do the exercises.