Unit 1 Ways of Learning
I. Suggested Teaching Plan (5 periods)
Objectives
Students will be able to:
1. grasp the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between the Chinese and the Western learning styles) and structure of the text (introduction of the topic by an anecdote一 elaboration by comparison and contrast--conclusion by a suggestion)
2. appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast (point by point method or one-side-at-a-time method);
3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the
unit.
Time allotment
|
1st period |
2nd period |
3rd period |
4th period |
5th period |
|
Pre-reading; While-reading (Paras. 1-5) |
While-reading (Paras 6-13) |
While-reading (Paras 6-13 continued; Paras 14) |
Post-reading (Debate; Exercises) |
Check on students’ home reading (Text B); Theme-related language learning tasks |
Pre-reading tasks
1.T asks Ss the following questions. The first is based on the song. Teach Your Children: (5minutes )
According to the song, who should teach whom? Is learning a one-way street?(Parents and children should teach each other and learn from each other. Learning is a two-way interaction.)
Can you guess what the theme of this unit, ways of learning, refers to? (Different people have different learning styles)
2. Ss listen to the fo11owing quotation from《文汇读书周报》(2001年12月1日第一版,"自主教育:“管”还是“不管”?) take some notes and then T will invite some Ss to summarize in English how Chen Yu hua’s parents handle her education.
一本由中国经济出版社推出的《千万别管孩子一一自主教育哈佛启示录》的书近来极为畅销，问世才一月,在全国销售量已达到20余万册。其所倡导的“自主教育”理念在教育界引发争议。
不少读者反映,这本书最初吸引他们的是出挑的书名一一"千万别管孩子气难道真的应当对孩子的教育放任自流?看了书后才明白,该书所强调的,其实并非让家长“剔管” 孩子,恰恰是，“怎么去管”这个老问题。但它鲜明地提出了"自主教育"理念,切中了社会热点。
该书主人公陈宇华的父母在讲述教育经验时说,虽然他们常说"从来没管过她。“其实,他们一直在管她,而管的内容,就是反复提醒孩子的自我意识,让她认识到自己才是教育的主体,一切要靠自己的努力,才会成功,老师家长则仅仅起辅导作用。这正是自主教育的精髓所在……
(possible summary: They let her learn independently and seek out knowledge actively. They may help during the process, but don't expect to spoon-feed her with knowledge.)(15minutes)
3.T may lead in to Text A by saying: As you may have noticed from the book title 《千万别管孩子一一自主教育哈佛启示录》,Chen Yuhua’s parents hold quite a western view on child education. They disagree with many other mom traditional parents. In Text A, Howard Gardner made a detailed comparison between Chinese and Western attitudes toward learning.(2minutes)
While-reading tasks
1 .Skimming (15minutes)
1) SS Sum Paras 1-5and be ready to answer the following questions:
Where and when did the incident take place?(Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, spring 1987)
Who are the main characters in this incident?(author, his wife Ellen their son Benjamin, hotel staff)
What is the attitude of the author and his wife toward Benjamin's efforts in inserting the key into the slot?(They let him explore and enjoy himself.)
What is the attitude of the hotel staff toward Benjamin’s efforts?(They held his hand and taught him how to insert the key correctly.)
2) T asks some S pairs to report to the class, one asking the above questions and the other providing the answers.
3)T tells Ss that there are many ways of introducing a topic (see Text Analysis).Ss will decide which way is adopted by Howard Gardner.·
2.T explains language points from Para 1to Para 5,and gives Ss practice Language Study). (15minutes)
3.T guides Ss through the directions for Text Organization Exercise 2and Writing strategy. Then Ss scan the first sentence of both Para 6and Para 7,and decide what method of comparison and contrast is used here (one-side-at-a-time method).(8minutes)
4.T explains language points from Para 6to Para 10,and gives SS practice (see Language Study) (15minutes)
5.Ss sum up the contrast between Chinese and Western ways t01earn to fulfill a task (the Chinese show a child how to do something, or teach by holding his hand; the Western teach a child to rely on himself for solutions to problems).(5minutes)
6.SS scan from Para 11ωPara 13,then answer the following questions:(5minutes)
Can you find words like "Chinese" and " Westerner" or "American" or "the West in each paragraph?(yes)
What method of comparison and contrast is used here?(point-by-point method)
7.T explains language points in these paragraphs and gives SS practice (see Language Study). (20minutes)
8.Ss sum up the contrast between the Chinese and the Western attitudes toward creativity and basic skills-(me Chinese give priority to developing skills at m early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time; the Westerners put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking that skills cm be picked up later.)(5minutes)
9.T explains language points in Para14and gives SS practice (see Language study (5minutes)
10.T tells SS that there are many ways of concluding an essay (see Text Analysis).SS decide which way is used in this essay(5minutes)
Post-reading
tasks
1.Debate:Should we develop children's creativity first or train them in basic skills first?(30 minutes)
1)SS divide into two groups, one taking the side of creativity first, another taking the side of basic skills first.
2)In each group, Ss further divide into smaller groups of three to four, brainstorming arguments examples\ statistics\ quotes \ etc. in support of their viewpoint, as well as those that could be used to refute the other side.
3)Debate begins, with T acting as moderator.
2.T guides SS through several after-text exercises.(20minutes)
3.T checks on Ss, home reading (Text BL(3minutes)
4.Ss do Part Iv: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks.(1period)
5.T asks Ss to prepare the next unit:(2minutes)
1)do the pre-reading task;
2)preview Text A.
II. Text Analysis
An essay is usually made up of three parts: a beginning where the topic is introduced; the body part where the topic is elaborated on, and a conclusion.
Besides stating the topic directly, there are many other ways to introduce a theme. In this text, an anecdote or an incident is used. The author of Text A, Unit 6,Book 1(What Animals Really Think)introduces his topic by posing a question: "Do animals a11 have thoughts, what we call consciousness?" Text B, Unit 3,Book 1(How to Make Sense out of Science)begins by quoting newspaper headlines:
"New Drugs Kill Cancer
Devastation by El Nino ----a Warning
6:30p.m.October 26,2028:Could This Be the Deadline for the Apocalypse?"
Text B of this unit, children and Money, begins with an imagined argument between a Child and his parent over the control of pocket money. Discover other forms of introduction as you read on. However, the mope important point is that you should learn to vary your own Writing by adopting various types of topic introduction.
Without a conclusion, an essay lacks a sense of completeness. A conclusion may be a restatement of the main points previously mentioned, a proposed solution , a quotation from some book or person, a prediction of future developments, a suggestion for further study, etc. Text B, Unit 3, Book1 ends by giving a simile, comparing scientific research to maountain climbing, "a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead-"In this text, Howard Gardner makes a suggestion in the form of a question.
III. Cultural Notes
1. Education in the west: There is no common agreement in the West concerning the best method of education. A variety of views can be found among parents, teachers and students. Indeed, it might be argued that it is this very existence of contending points of view that is characteristic of western education. This can be seen as far back as in the work of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who encouraged his students to question everything, even their most fundamental beliefs. Yet even then there was no general agreement that this was the best way to teach. Socrates, after all, was condemned to death by his fellow citizens for corrupting the morals of the young by his way of teaching. Many later periods of Western history were no more tolerant of encouraging students to cha11engetaditional beliefs :Darwin's theory of evolution, for example, was for a time banned from schools in some American states on the grounds of religious belief. Much of the current debate over education surrounds the extent to which learning should be teacher-based or student-based. Which of the two should decide what should be learned, how it should be learned, and when it should be learned? Comparing Western and Asian methods of learning it is generally true that Western methods ,are more student-centred, expecting students to discover things for themselves rather than relying on their teachers to tell thuI1·An extreme version of the student-centred approach can be seen at Summer hill, a school in England established by the educationalist AS.Neill-111erechildrenhavecompletefreedomtodecide what they are going to learn and which lessons they will attend. If they wish they need not attend my at all. Mainstream education in England is far more strict, demanding that children attend lessons and follow a national curriculum. This curriculum and the importance of achieving good exam results tend to reinforce a more teacher-centred approach, as both teachers and students find the pressure of time leaves less opportunity for m exploratory approach to learning.
The extent to which learning is teacher-centred or student-centred also depends on differences between subjects. In recent years, for example, there has been a trend in the teaching of mathematics in school classrooms in England away from having pupils work on their own or in small groups back towards a more traditional approach, with the teacher guiding the entire class step-by-step through a lesson.η1is followed research that suggested that, as far as maths was concerned, a more teacher-centred method was more effective.
2. Standing on the shoulders of giants: a well-known phrase, frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their achievements. The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further than those who came before them, it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants. Rather it is because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors.
1.
attach:
fasten or join (one thing to another) (used in the pattern: attach sth. to
sth.)
Examples: Scientists discovered they
could measure wind speed by attaching a wind meter to a kite and sending it up.
Attached to this letter you will find a
copy of the document you asked for.
四级大纲中动词后跟to
的类似词组还有：
adapt…to使适应于
add…to加到……上
adjust…to(使)
适应于
admit to承认
agree to同意(某一建议、安排等)
amount to总计达,
相当于, 等于
apologize to向(某人)道歉
appeal to向……呼吁; 诉诸于;
对……有吸引力
apply to向(某人)申请
attend to处理,
料理; 照顾, 照料
belong to属于
challenge…to向……挑战,
要求(比赛、决斗等)
communicate…to向……传达
compare…to把……比作
confess to承认,
忏悔
confine…to把……限制在
consent to同意,
答应
contribute to捐献, 捐赠;
有助于
correspond to 相当于; 相符,
符合
devote…to为……而奉献
entitle…to给……权利(或资格)
lead to(路等)通向; 导致
limit…to把……限制到
object to反对
occur to被想到,
出现在脑海中
owe…to把……归功于
prefer…to喜欢……胜过……
propose to向……求婚
react to对……作出反应
refer to提到,
涉及; 查阅, 参考
relate to有关,
涉及
reply to对……作出回答
resort to诉诸,
求助于
respond to回答,
响应
see to处理
stick to坚持;
忠于, 信守
subject to使遭受,
使服从
submit to服从,
听从
surrender to投降, 屈服
turn to找(某人寻求帮助等)
yield to投降,
让步
2.
not in the least:
not at all
Examples; I am not in the least touched
by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty.
Ann didn't seem in the least concerned
about her study.
3. find one's way: reach a
destination naturally; arrive at
Examples: Shanghai is not an easy city to
find your way around.
Drunk as he was, Peter still found his
way home.
Similar phrases:
struggle one’s way; elbow one’s way; make
one’s way; push one’s way, etc.
4. phenomenon: (pl. phenomena) sth. that
happens or exists and that can be seen or experienced
Examples: Hurricanes are a relatively
common phenomenon in the Caribbean.
Stress-related illness is a common
phenomenon in big cities.
Thunder and lightening are natural
phenomena.
5.
Initial: of
or at the beginning, first (adj., used only before n.)
Examples: If a car suddenly pulls out in
front of you, your initial reaction may include fear and anger.
Their initial burst of enthusiasm died
down when they realized how much work the job involved.
6.
assist: help
(used in the pattern: assist sb. to do sth., assist sb. with sth.)
Examples: The professor was assisting his
students to prepare their project.
The college student decided to assist the
boy with his study.
Word choice: help, assist, give/lend a hand, help
out, come to sb’s aid/assistance, aid, give/send aid
Help and assist can both describe
people or institutions helping each other do a job. However, assist is
more formal and often suggests that the person assisting is doing a simple or
unimportant part of what has to be done, e.g.
My company assists businesses in all
their office cleaning requirements.
You will assist the administrative
officer with day-to-day organization.
In more informal English people often use
give/ lend a hand or help out, especially where there is
something practical to do and not enough people to do it:
Can you give me a hand with the drinks?
I sometimes lend a hand / help out at eh
old folk’s home.
If someone is in danger or trouble, you
may help them or more formally come to their aid/ assistance:
My car’s broken down, can you help?
If you get into difficulties, the
lifeguard will come to your assistance.
If a person, charity, or government helps
with money or other necessary things, aid (formal) or often
give/ send aid may be used; help would be used informally:
Many projects are aided by Oxfam.
Aid will be sent to the area as soon as
possible.
Please help the homeless.
7.
insert: put,
fit, place (in, into, between)
Examples: Wait for a couple of minutes
with your mouth closed before inserting the thermometer.
The doctor carefully inserted the needle
into my left arm.
8.
somewhat: to
some degree, a little Examples:
It is reported that conditions in the
village have improved somewhat since November.
____ "Are you concerned about your
exam results?"
____ "Somewhat."
9. await: (fml) wait for
Await is a fairly common word in formal
writing, but you do not usually use it in conversation. Instead you use
"wait for." Examples:
We must await the results of field
studies yet to come.
After I sent the letter asking for a job,
I had nothing to do but await the answer.
10. on occasion: now and then
Examples'. I was usually the only foreign
participant, although on occasion I brought other Americans in as guests.
Steve spent almost all his time doing his
research, but, on occasion, he would take his son to see a film.
11. neglect: give too little attention or care to
Examples: He gave too much attention to
his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife.
Their investment turned out to be a
failure and the manager was accused of neglecting his duties.
Cf.: ignore: pay no attention to sb./sth.
on purpose, or as if sth. has not happened
Example: I said "Good morning"
to her, but she just ignored me and walked on.
12.
relevant:
directly connected with the subject (followed by to , opposite irrelevant)
Examples:
Only a few people feel the debate about
the cloning of human beings is relevant to their daily lives.
While writing my term paper I was able to
borrow all the relevant books from the school library.
13.
investigate:
try to find out information about (used in the pattern: investigate sth.,
investigate + wh-clause)
Examples:
Police are still investigating how the
car accident happened.
We can assure you that your complaint
will be fully and properly investigated.
14.
exception:
sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to Examples:
Normally, parents aren't allowed to sit
in on the classes, but in your case we can make an exception.
We feel that all the students in this
class, with one or two exceptions, support the educational reforms.
Without exception all our youngsters
wanted to leave school and start work.
When
you are mentioning an exception, you often use the expression "with the
exception of”.
Example: We all went to see the film,
with the exception of Otto, who complained of feeling unwell.
15. on one's own: 1) without anyone's help
Examples; You needn't give me any help. I
am able to manage on my own.
There are jobs your child can do on her
own.
2) alone
Examples: The child was left on her own
for hours as her mom had to deal with the emergency.
I'd rather not go to dance on my own. I
do wish you'd come with me.
四级大纲中以on
开始的类似词组还有:
on a large (small) scale大（小）规模地
on account of由于， 因为
on an/ the average平均，通常
on behalf of代表，为了
on board在船（车、飞机）上
on business因公，因事
on condition that如果
on duty当班，值班
on earth究竟，到底
on fire起火，着火
on foot步行
on guard站岗，值班
on hand在场，在手边
on one’s guard警惕，提防
on purpose故意，有意
on sale出售；廉价出售
on schedule按时间表，准时
on second thoughts经重新考虑，继而想
on the contrary正相反
on the grounds of根据，以……为理由
on the point of即将……的时候
on the road在旅途中，在……过程中
on the side作为兼职，作为副业，正事以外
on the spot在场，到场；马上，当场
on the whole总的来说，大体上
on time准时
16.
accomplish:
manage to do (sth.)
Examples: Unless you practice you'll
accomplish nothing.
Considering
their capacity, the possibility of accomplishing the task is not high.
If I work hard, I think I can accomplish
my goal of getting 6 A's at the end of the semester.
17. in due course: at the proper time;
eventually
Examples'. Your book will be published in
due course.
Be patient. You'll get your promotion in
due course.
18.
critical: 1) very important
Examples; Environmentalists say a
critical factor in the city's pollution is its population.
How well you accomplish this task will be
critical to the success of your career.
2) very serious or
dangerous
Examples: In yesterday's car accident,
ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical condition.
As the situation in Afghanistan became
critical, the UN Secretary-General appointed a special representative to tackle
it.
19. principal: adj. (rather fml) main, chief
Examples; The couple's principal concern
is to earn enough money to send their children to school.
Her principal interest in life was to be
a world-renowned pianist.
n. The principal of a school
or college is the person in charge of it.
Example: Complaints from the students
began arriving at the principal's office.
Cf.: principle (see Confusable Words p.16 )
A principle
is a basic rule that explains or controls how something works or a guiding rule
for behaviour.
Examples:
These machines work on the same principle.
Mr. Ward is
a man of high principles.
20.
make up for:
repay with sth. good, compensate for
Examples'- I didn't travel much when I
was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now.
Her husband bought her a present to make
up for quarreling with her the day before.
21. in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon
reflection
Examples: The young man knew in
retrospect that he should have married his first love Emily.
In retrospect, I wish that I had chosen
biology as my major.
四级大纲中以in
开始的类似词组还有:
in a sense从某种程度上，从某点上看
in any case/ event无论如何，不管怎样
in brief简单地说
in common共同的，共有的
in consequence因此，结果
in debt 欠债，欠情
in detail详细地
in difficulty处境困难
in effect实际上，事实上
in favor of支持，赞成
in general一般来说，大体上
in hand在进行中，待办理
in honor of为庆祝，为纪念
in itself本质上，就其本身而言
in line成一条直线， 成一排
in line with与……一致；与……符合
in memory of纪念
in no case无论如何不， 决不
in no time立即，马上
in no way 决不
in order按顺序，按次序；整齐
in part部分地
in particular特别，尤其
in person亲自，本人
in place在合适的位置
in place of代替，取代，交换
in practice在实践中，实际上
in proportion to与……成比例
in public公开地，当众
in quantity大量
in question正在谈论的
in regard to关于，至于
in relation to有关，与……相比
in return作为报答
in sight看得见，被见到；在望，在即
in step齐步，合拍；一致，协调
in tears流着泪，在哭着
in the course of在……期间,
在……过程中
in the event of如果……发生,
万一
in the face of 不顾, 即使;
在……前面
in the least丝毫, 一点儿
in (the) light of鉴于,由于
in the way挡道,
妨碍人的
in the world究竟, 到底
in touch 联系,
接触
in vain陡然,
白费力
22.
extreme: very
great
Example: The girls were afraid of snakes
and walked along the mountain trail with extreme caution.
n.
the furthest possible limit, an extreme degree
Example: I know I always say that you eat
too much, but there is no need to go to the other extreme.
(phrase:
go to extremes: do sth. so much, state sth. so strongly, that people
consider your actions unacceptable and unreasonable
Examples: John went to such extremes to
get his promotion that everyone at the office hates him now.
The film is not very good, but some
critics have gone to extremes, saying it is the worst of the decade. )
23.
performance:
1) the standard achieved by a person or group of people in carrying out a
particular job or activity
Examples: The athlete was awarded $10,000
for his good performance in the Olympics.
After several bad performances, the
soccer team found their form again.
2) sth. performed in
front of an audience, e.g. a play, a dance or other entertainment
Examples; Stevie Wonder fought back from
the shadow of death and went on to give more performances.
His performance in the new production of
Hamlet received much praise.
24. so much so that: to such an extent
Examples; Americans treat their children
as separate individuals, so much so that someone who remains dependent on their
parents longer than the norm may be thought to be "immature."
Some parents spoil their children, so
much so that they never ask them to do an studying.
25. Continual: happening again and again, repeated
Examples: The construction of the airport
continued despite continual complaints from local residents.
The dog's continual barking disturbed the
whole neighborhood.
Word choice: continual(ly),
continuous(ly)
Continual
describes
separate actions (often annoying actions you do not like) which are repeated
over a period of time, e.g. :
These
continual interruptions are driving me mad.
She’s continually flying off to different
places.
Continuous especially describes things
and events that go on without a break, e. g. :
The police
formed a continuous line round the building.
This
product is the result of years of continuous development.
We landed after flying continuously for
16 hours.
26.
apply: 1) be
relevant (to sb./sth.); have an effect (used in the pattern: apply to
sb./sth.)
Examples: The new pension arrangements
won't apply to people born before 1960.
The advice given by the professor only
applies to some of the college students.
2) write a letter or fill in a
form in order to ask formally for sth. (used in the pattern: apply for sth.,
apply to do sth.)
Examples: How many jobs had you applied
for before you were offered this one?
We went to the sports club so often that
we decided that we might as well apply to join.
27.
work on/at:
try hard to achieve or improve (sth.)
Examples: Sophia needs to work at/on her
typing speed.
John came back ahead of time to continue
working on his thesis.
28.
priority: 1)
sth. that one must do before anything else
Examples: Being a qualified teacher is
her first priority.
Earning enough money to maintain his
family is a high priority.
2) sth. that holds a high
place among competing claims
Examples: The school will give priority
to English and computer studies.
The proposals deserve support as they
give priority to the needs of children.
29.
evolve:
(cause to) develop gradually (followed by into/from)
Examples; The story evolves into a
violent tragedy.
Popular music evolved from folk songs.
As knowledge of genetic engineering
evolves, beliefs change.
If you want to be a poet, you must evolve
your own style of writing.
30.
summarize:
make a short account of the main points of (sth.)
Examples: Basically, the article can be
summarized in three sentences.
The workers' demands can be summarized as
follows: shorter hours and more pay.
31.
contrast:
compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear (used in the
pattern: contrast A and/with B)
Examples; Carrie contrasted the situation
then with the present crisis.
Students were asked to contrast Ernest
Hemingway with Mark Twain.
n. action of contrasting
Examples: I was always reading when I was
a kid, but my daughter, in contrast, just watches TV all day.
In contrast to the hot days, the nights
are bitterly cold.
32. on the one hand ... on the other hand: to introduce two contrasting
circumstances
Examples: On the one hand her temper was
likely to cause trouble, but on the other hand we needed her expertise.
On the one hand, we have good reason to
feel pleased with our progress. On the other hand, we mustn't get complacent.
33. promote: help to grow or develop
Examples: You don't have to sacrifice
environmental protection to promote economic growth.
Regular exercise will help promote
physical and mental health.
34.
emerge: come
out (followed by from)
Examples: The postman emerged from his
van soaked to the skin.
The magician emerged from behind the
curtain.
n. emergence (pay attention to
the difference between emergence and emergency)
35. pick up: gain, learn
Examples: He picked up quite a lot of
English during his one-year stay in America.
I had picked up a bit of data-processing
from my son.
36.
enormous:
extremely large (same as huge, immense)
Examples: Catherine inherited an enormous
fortune from her parents.
The New Year's concert was an enormous
success.
37.
exaggerate:
make (sth.) seem larger, better, etc. than it really is
Examples; In her resume, she has clearly
exaggerated her talents a little.
— "I am bleeding to death!"
— "Don't exaggerate — it's only a
little cut."
Peter says he's seen "Titanic"
at least 20 times but I think he's exaggerating.
38.
assuming (that):
You use assuming that when you are
considering a possible situation or event, so that think about the
consequences.
Examples: Assuming that we all work at
the same rate, we should be finished by January.
Assuming that this painting really is a
Van Gogh, how much do you think it's worth?
39. valid: based on truth or sound reasoning
Examples; They put forward many valid
reasons for not building the skyscraper.
It is valid to consider memory the oldest
mental skill.
Scientific theories must be backed up
with valid evidence.
40.
worthwhile:
worth doing, worth the trouble taken
Examples: It might be worthwhile to
consider buying an insurance policy.
A trip to the museum is always
worthwhile.
Teaching is considered a worthwhile job.
Cf.:
worth: prep.
& n.
Worth is common only after the verb
to be and after words for amounts of something, e.g.
How much is
the ring worth?
The picture
is worth about two thousand pounds.
The balance
sheet will not show the current worth of the company.
Dick cashed
about a thousand pounds’ worth of travelers cheques.
There ‘s
about a week’s worth of work left.
41.
superior:
better than average or than others of the same type (followed by to )
Examples: Long-term stock market investments
have produced superior returns compared with cash deposits.
The woman was greatly superior to her
husband in education.
This wine is far superior to the one we
had last week.
四级大纲中形容词原形后跟介词to 表示比较的形容词 (这类词来自拉丁语系) 还有:
inferior, senior, junior, prior, etc. e.g.
:
Your thesis is superior to mine.
She is three years senior to me.
1. account: n . 1) an arrangement that you have with a bank to pay in or take out money, e.g.
My salary is paid directly into my bank account.
current account (BrE), checking account (AmE) 往来帐户，活期户（往往无利息）
deposit account（可拿利息但需事先通知方可提取的）存款帐户
savings account 储蓄存款帐户（利息比deposit account 要高）
credit account(BrE), charge account(AmE) （商店的）信用帐户
expense account （有老板支付的）旅差费帐户
2) description; a written or spoken description which gives details of an event
There were several different accounts of the story in the newspapers.
David gave us a vivid account of the his trip to Rio.
her fascinating first-hand account of the Chinese Cultural Revolution
2. furthermore: (sentence adverb) fml in addition to what has already been said; moreover
Furthermore, my aim is to provide the best service possible under these difficult circumstances.
I suggest we go to the Italian restaurant--- it’s very good and furthermore it’s very cheap.
3. intend: have something in your mind as a plan or purpose
I didn’t intend her to see the painting until it was finished.
He was insulted by my remark, but I hadn’t intended it to be offensive.
It is intended that all new employees well receive appropriate training.
4. access: n 1) the way by which you can enter a building or reach a place
Access is by means of a small door on the right.
Access to the restrooms is through the foyer.
2) the right to do sth
The public don’t have access to the site.
Access to the papers is restricted to Defense Department personnel only.
My ex-husband has access to the children once a week.
5. plus. prep. with the addition of
Three plus six equals nine.
The unit deals with all lung and heart conditions, plus many other lesser ailments.
6. devise: to plan or invent a way of doing something, especially something complicated and clever.
She devised a method for quicker communications between offices.
She is very good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.
7. resource. (usu. pl) 1) something such as land, minerals, or natural energy that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth:
Canada’s vast mineral resources
Britain’s mineral resources include oil, coal and gas deposits.
2) all the money or property , skills etc that you have available:
We must make the best possible use of our limited financial resources.
A big company like IBM have huge resources of money and skill.
8. keep track of : follow the development of ; keep in touch with
It’s difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in genetics.
I always make sure I keep track of all the money I spend.
9. deposit: n. a sum of money paid into a bank account
We put down a deposit on a house last week.
You’ll have to pay one month’s rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500.
v. (fml) to put many in to a bank account
you are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe.
If you deposit 20% now, you can pay the rest when the car is delivered.
10. pace: n. speed or rate of development, movement etc.
The troops marched at a steady pace.
The pace of change in Eastern Europe has been breathtaking.
Pensions and benefits have failed to keep pace with the rate of inflation.
11. annual: adj. Happening or done every year or once a year
an annual conference
Steel output reaches an annual figure of one million tons.
Companies publish annual reports to inform the public about the previous year’s activities.
12. protest: vi. Express strong disagreement or disapproval about sth.
Several demonstrators protesting against cuts in health spending were arrested.
All through the trial he protested his innocence, insisting he had not robbed the shop.
13. fund: (usu. pl) sum of money saved or for a particular purpose
The hospital has set up a special fund to buy new equipment.
She has a fund of knowledge about modern jazz.
14. on demand: when demanded
Babies should be fed on demand.
The notes entitles the bearer to $20 on demand.
15. from one’s point of view: from a particular way of thinking about or judging a situation
From a purely environmental point of view, this is not a good decision.
I respect your point of view, but I really don’t agree with you.
16. fall apart: break, fall to pieces
These toys aren’t well made—they come/fall apart far too easily.
17. end up (doing sth): find oneself in a situation that is not intended or expected
She’ll end up penniless if she caries on spending as much as that./
After working her way around the world, she ended up teaching English as a foreign language.
18. undoubtedly: certainly
It is undoubtedly the best film of this year.
Of course, she is good at her job--- that is undoubtedly true.
19. adopt: take and use as one’s own
Dr. Kenney has been adopted as the party’s candidate for South Cambridge.
Roz has adopted one or two funny mannerisms since she’s been away.
She adopted Indian dress during her stay in the country.
The party has adopted a more pragmatic approach towards arms reduction.
20. perspective: n. a particular way of thinking about sth.
Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject.
During the novel, there is a shift in perspective from an adult’s view of events to a child’s view.
Due to its geographical position, Germany’s perspective on the situation in Eastern Europe is rather different from Britain’s.